This is one of my favorites. I make them every year at Christmastime.
Melted butter does the foundational structural work in this recipe by hydrating the flour proteins and oatmeal starches without developing excess gluten, which keeps the base crumbly rather than tough. When combining the dry components—flour, oatmeal, baking soda, salt, brown sugar, and butter—ensure the mixture is thoroughly moistened so that half of it can be pressed firmly into the 9x13-inch pan to form a cohesive crust. Melting the caramels alongside four tablespoons of cream, milk, or half-and-half requires low, gentle heat to prevent the sugars from scorching or seizing into a hard mass.
Baking the initial crust at 325 degrees Fahrenheit for 15 minutes sets the base so it can support the heavy caramel layer without dissolving into mush. Pouring the warm caramel mixture over the partially baked crust immediately facilitates an even spread, which must then be topped quickly with chocolate chips and chopped nuts before the final 15-minute bake fuses the layers together. Letting the pan cool completely at room temperature allows the caramel to firm up sufficiently for slicing into clean squares.